Skip to content
Implementation Science at UW

Keywords: Patrick Heagerty

✪ Implementation Research at NHLBI: Methodological and Design Challenges and Lessons Learned from the DECIPHeR Initiative

Authors:

David M Murray, Patrick Heagerty, James Troendle, Feng-Chang Lin, Jonathan Moyer, June Stevens, Leslie Lytle, Xinzhi Zhang, Maliha Ilias, Mary Y Masterson, Nicole Redmond, Veronica Tonwe, Dave Clark & George A Mensah

University of Washington affiliated authors are displayed in bold.

✪ Open Access

Published: April 2024

Read the full text in the open access journal Ethnicity & Disease

Abstract:

NHLBI funded seven projects as part of the Disparities Elimination through Coordinated Interventions to Prevent and Control Heart and Lung Disease Risk (DECIPHeR) Initiative. They were expected to collaborate with community partners to (1) employ validated theoretical or conceptual implementation research frameworks, (2) include implementation research study designs, (3) include implementation measures as primary outcomes, and (4) inform our understanding of mediators and mechanisms of action of the implementation strategy. Several projects focused on late-stage implementation strategies that optimally and sustainably delivered two or more evidence-based multilevel interventions to reduce or eliminate cardiovascular and/or pulmonary health disparities and to improve population health in high-burden communities. Projects that were successful in the three-year planning phase transitioned to a 4-year execution phase. NHLBI formed a Technical Assistance Workgroup during the planning phase to help awardees refine study aims, strengthen research designs, detail analytic plans, and to use valid sample size methods. This paper highlights methodological and study design challenges encountered during this process. Important lessons learned included (1) the need for greater emphasis on implementation outcomes, (2) the need to clearly distinguish between intervention and implementation strategies in the protocol, (3) the need to address clustering due to randomization of groups or clusters, (4) the need to address the cross-classification that results when intervention agents work across multiple units of randomization in the same arm, (5) the need to accommodate time-varying intervention effects in stepped-wedge designs, and (6) the need for data-based estimates of the parameters required for sample size estimation.

**This abstract is posted with permission under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License**

An effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial study protocol targeting post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbidity

Authors:

Douglas F. Zatzick, Joan Russo, Doyanne Darnell, David A. Chambers, Lawrence Palinkas, Erik Van Eaton,
Jin Wang, Leah M. Ingraham, Roxanne Guiney, Patrick Heagerty, Bryan Comstock, Lauren K. Whiteside, and Gregory Jurkovich

University of Washington affiliated authors are displayed in bold.

✪ Open Access

Published: April 2016

Read the full text in the open access journal Implementation Science

Abstract:

Background

Each year in the USA, 1.5–2.5 million Americans are so severely injured that they require inpatient hospitalization. Multiple conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and drug use problems, depression, and chronic medical conditions are endemic among physical trauma survivors with and without traumatic brain injuries.

Methods/Design

The trauma survivors outcomes and support (TSOS) effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial is designed to test the delivery of high-quality screening and intervention for PTSD and comorbidities across 24 US level I trauma center sites. The pragmatic trial aims to recruit 960 patients. The TSOS investigation employs a stepped wedge cluster randomized design in which sites are randomized sequentially to initiate the intervention. Patients identified by a 10-domain electronic health record screen as high risk for PTSD are formally assessed with the PTSD Checklist for study entry. Patients randomized to the intervention condition will receive stepped collaborative care, while patients randomized to the control condition will receive enhanced usual care. The intervention training begins with a 1-day on-site workshop in the collaborative care intervention core elements that include care management, medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational-interviewing elements targeting PTSD and comorbidity. The training is followed by site supervision from the study team. The investigation aims to determine if intervention patients demonstrate significant reductions in PTSD and depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, alcohol consumption, and improvements in physical function when compared to control patients. The study uses implementation science conceptual frameworks to evaluate the uptake of the intervention model. At the completion of the pragmatic trial, results will be presented at an American College of Surgeons’ policy summit. Twenty-four representative US level I trauma centers have been selected for the study, and the protocol is being rolled out nationally.

Discussion

The TSOS pragmatic trial simultaneously aims to establish the effectiveness of the collaborative care intervention targeting PTSD and comorbidity while also addressing sustainable implementation through American College of Surgeons’ regulatory policy. The TSOS effectiveness-implementation hybrid design highlights the importance of partnerships with professional societies that can provide regulatory mandates targeting enhanced health care system sustainability of pragmatic trial results.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02655354. Registered 27 July 2015.

**This abstract is posted with permission under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License**